AeroShell Turbine Oil 390 was developed primarily as an improved 3 mm2/s oil for British turbo-jet engines to meet DEF STAN 91-94 but is fully approved for a wide range of turbine engines.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 390 is a 3 mm2/s synthetic diester oil incorporating a carefully selected and balanced combination of additives to improve thermal and oxidation stability and to increase the load carrying ability of the base oil. More recently, because of the low temperature characteristics of Turbine Oil 390, there is interest in using this oil in auxiliary power units (APU) in order to overcome the effects of cold soak. Normal practice is to shut down the APU during cruise, the APU then experiences cold soak, often prolonged, and when the unit is started there is considerable difficulty resulting in the unit not coming up to speed in the given time, thus causing a hung start.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 500 was developed to meet the requirements of Pratt & Whitney 521 B Type II and MIL -L-23699 specifications and is entirely suitable for all civil and military engines requiring this class of lubricant.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 500 is Second Generation Synthetic Turbine Engine oil, a 5 centistoke synthetic hindered ester oil incorporating additives to improve thermal and oxidational stability and also metal passivation. AeroShell 500 maintains viscosity and protects components more effectively under the high shear stresses that a turbine engine places on lubricants. The outstanding high temperature and oxidation stability of Turbine Oil 500 is due to the natural properties of the synthetic hindered ester base fluids used.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 555 is an advanced 5 mm2/s synthetic hindered ester oil incorporating a finely balanced blend of additives to improve thermal and oxidation stability and to increase the load carrying ability of the base oil.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 555 was specifically developed to meet the high temperatures and load carrying requirements of SST engines and the DEF STAN 91-100 (formerly DERD 2497) and XAS-2354 specifications. AeroShell Turbine Oil 555 was also designed to give enhanced performance in current engines.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 560 is a third generation, high performance, low coking 5 mm2/s synthetic hindered ester oil incorporating a carefully selected and finely balanced combination of additives to improve thermal and oxidation stability.
AeroShell Turbine Oil 560 was developed to withstand the hostile environments of todays high powered, high compression engines in which the older generation of oils can be stressed up to and beyond their thermal limits, as evidenced by oil coking in the high temperature bearing areas.
Prior to the introduction of the Aerox system, wise pilots reserved the use of oxygen for situations where it was legally necessary, i.e. above 12,500 ft. This was often a practical decision based upon factors like: Short duration of supply, uncomfortable masks, difficult & costly refills, heavy weight and large bulk. Aerox systems address these objections with advanced designs and materials that help make oxygen use easier, more comfortable, and less expensive than ever before. Add to your flying comfort by using oxygen at altitudes as low as 5000 feet.
The aim of this manual is to provide the required material to study for, and pass, the EASA Part-FCL LAPL(A) and PPL(A) Operational Procedures theoretical knowledge examination.
Unique in PPL training manuals, you will find throughout the text comprehensive references to the source documents and relative section numbers. This will enable you to carry out further research should you wish to delve deeper than the PPL syllabus.
This approach will enable you to become a competent pilot/navigator and will also help to minimise your flight training hours. In determining the order in which the information is presented, care has been taken to keep things as logical and practical as possible.
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